FAT LOSSResearch OnlyFAT LOSSOBESITYADIPOCYTE APOPTOSIS

Adipotide

Also known as: FTPP · Prohibitin-targeting peptide · C16-K-PEG2-SS-K18

1.3k views/week 45 citations 8 edits Updated 5/24/2026

Adipotide (FTPP) is a peptidomimetic that targets prohibitin on adipocyte and endothelial cell surfaces. It induces targeted apoptosis of white adipose tissue while sparing other tissues.

STRUCTURE

Molecular Composition

FORMULA

C₁₁₂H₁₇₈N₃₆O₂₈S₂

MOL. WEIGHT

2556.00 Da

SEQUENCE LENGTH

16 amino acids

TARGET

Prohibitin (adipocytes)

HALF-LIFE

~2–3 hours

MECHANISM

Targeted apoptosis

AMINO ACID CHAIN VISUALIZATION

Cysteine

disulfide bond

—

NH-CO

Lysine

prohibitin targeting

—

NH-CO

Glycine

flexible linker

—

NH-CO

Glycine

flexible linker

—

NH-CO

Arginine

prohibitin recognition

—

NH-CO

Alanine

hydrophobic contact

—

NH-CO

Lysine

prohibitin targeting

—

NH-CO

Aspartate

charge interaction

—

NH-CO

Cysteine

disulfide bond

—

NH-CO

Glycine

spacer sequence

—

NH-CO

Glycine

spacer sequence

—

NH-CO

Aspartate

apoptotic domain start

—

NH-CO

Lysine

mitochondrial targeting

—

NH-CO

Leucine

hydrophobic insertion

—

NH-CO

Alanine

hydrophobic insertion

—

NH-CO

Lysine

mitochondrial targeting

SEQUENCEC-K-G-G-R-A-K-D-C-G-G-D-K-L-A-K

MECHANISMS

How It Works

🎯

Prohibitin Targeting

The CKGGRAKDC homing sequence specifically binds to prohibitin, a mitochondrial protein overexpressed on adipocyte and vascular endothelial cell surfaces. This enables precise targeting of adipose tissue.

💀

Selective Apoptosis

The D(KLAKLAK) domain disrupts mitochondrial membranes, triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This causes programmed cell death in targeted adipocytes while sparing other tissues.

🩸

Vascular Ablation

Induces apoptosis in adipose tissue vasculature, cutting off blood supply to fat cells. This dual mechanism (direct adipocyte death + vascular shutdown) maximizes fat tissue destruction.

⚖️

Metabolic Impact

Rapid fat mass reduction leads to improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic profile. Preclinical studies showed 30% body weight loss with 70% fat mass reduction in obese mouse models.

OVERVIEW

Research Overview

Adipotide represents a novel approach to obesity treatment through targeted adipose tissue ablation. Unlike traditional weight loss drugs that modulate appetite or metabolism, adipotide directly destroys fat cells by targeting a specific membrane protein expressed on adipocytes and vascular endothelial cells. The peptide consists of a tissue-targeting domain that binds prohibitin conjugated to a pro-apoptotic domain.

Mechanism of Action

The targeting domain (CKGGRAKDC) binds specifically to prohibitin, a protein overexpressed on adipocyte mitochondria and vascular endothelial cells in adipose tissue. The pro-apoptotic peptide (KLAKLAKKLAKLAK) disrupts mitochondrial membranes, triggering the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. This causes programmed cell death in targeted adipocytes and supporting vasculature.

DOSAGE

Dosage & Administration

INJECTABLE (SUBCUTANEOUS)

DOSE

50–100 µg/kg

FREQUENCY

Daily or every other day

NOTES

Research doses from preclinical studies. Monitor for renal function and systemic effects. Short half-life requires frequent dosing.

Calculate dose in Peptide Calculator

Adipotide (FTPP) is a peptidomimetic that targets prohibitin on adipocyte surfaces, inducing selective apoptosis of white adipose tissue. Phase 1 trials were terminated due to renal toxicity concerns, but preclinical studies showed remarkable efficacy (30% weight loss, 70% fat mass reduction).

CYCLING

Cycle Duration Guide

ON CYCLE

4–6 weeks

OFF CYCLE

8–12 weeks

Short cycles due to potential toxicity concerns. Monitor renal function and electrolyte balance. Research suggests 2–4 week cycles may be safer.

View full Cycle Guide →

NOTES

Research Notes

Preclinical studies (Sanford-Burnham): In obese mice, adipotide achieved 30% body weight reduction with 70% fat mass loss. Similar results in rhesus monkeys showed 20–25% weight loss. Phase 1 clinical trials were initiated but terminated due to renal toxicity concerns in primate studies.

◆Quick Reference

FORMULAC₁₁₂H₁₇₈N₃₆O₂₈S₂

MOL. WEIGHT2,556 Da

LENGTH16 amino acids

ORIGINSynthetic peptidomimetic (Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute)

HALF-LIFE~2–3 hours

SOLUBILITYWater-soluble; supplied as lyophilized powder

STATUSResearch Only

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